Photos from: Recycling to complete a circular economy



battery recycling lithium-ion black mass American Manganese General MotorsLi-Cycle RecycLiCo ABTC Geomega Resources Volkswagen supply chains REEbattery recycling lithium-ion black mass American Manganese General MotorsLi-Cycle RecycLiCo ABTC Geomega Resources Volkswagen supply chains REE

David Baillot/UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering

In many lithium-ion battery recycling flowsheets, spent batteries are dismantled, and the parts containing the electrodes, such as battery cells, get crushed or shredded to produce powdery fraction referred to as "black mass."



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